A Eucalyptus Tree Isn't Just for Koalas: Genome Sequencing Reveals New Potential

The eucalyptus tree isn't just for koalas. It possesses antiseptic oils and is one of the world's most widely planted hardwood trees. Now, researchers are learning a bit more about its prodigious growth and potential for biofuels; they've sequenced the genome of the Eucalyptus, shedding new light on its potential.

Trees play a huge role in the global carbon cycle. They store carbon and also actively capture and process CO2 from the atmosphere. This makes Eucalyptus, which has over 700 species that are rich in genetic variation, a huge possible source for carbon capture and storage.

"A major challenge for achieving a sustainable energy future is our understanding of the molecular basis of superior growth and adaptation in woody plants suitable for biomass production," said Zander Myburg, one of the researchers, in a news release.

The researchers combed through the 36,000-plus genes found in Eucalyptus and homed in on those that may influence the production of secondary cell wall material that can be processed for pulp, paper, biomaterials and bioenergy applications.

"Our comparative analysis of the complex traits associated with the Eucalyptus genome and other large perennials offers new opportunities for accelerating breeding cycles for sustainable biomass productivity and optimal wood quality," said Dario Grattapaglia, one of the researchers, in a news release. "In addition, insights into the trees' evolutionary history and adaptation are improving our understanding of their response to environmental change, providing strategies to diminish the negative environmental impacts that threaten many species."

The fact that eucalyptus trees are energy-rich in cellulosic biomass makes them a prime candidate for biomass energy crops. Because of its wide adaptability, extremely fast growth rate and excellent wood and fiber properties, Eucalyptus could be a major resource in the future. Now, by understanding its genome, researchers can suggest the best ways to cultivate this tree.

"Eucalyptus has a truly unique evolutionary history," said Gerald Tuskan, one of the researchers, in a news release. "This, along with its keystone ecological status and ability to adapt to marginal terrain, make Eucalyptus an excellent focus for expanding our knowledge of the evolution and adaptive biology of perennial plants."

The findings are published in the journal Nature.