Most Detailed Map of Mars Reveals the Features of the Red Planet's Surface (VIDEO)

Scientists have created the most detailed map of Mars to date. The U.S. Geological Survey has released a new global geological map of the Red Planet that reveals the startling features of the planet's surface; this could help with future investigations of Mars and aid future human space exploration.

The new map was created with observations and scientific findings from four orbiting spacecraft that have been acquiring data for more than 16 years. The end result is an updated understanding of the geologic history of the surface of Mars.

"Spacecraft exploration of Mars over the past couple decades has greatly improved our understanding of what geologic materials, events and processes shaped its surface," said Kenneth Tanaka, USGS scientist and lead author of the new study, in a news release. "The new geologic map brings this research together into a holistic context that helps to illuminate key relationships in space and time, providing information to generate and test new hypotheses."

The mapping effort reveals that the surface of Mars is far older than previously thought. In fact, three times as much surface area dates to the first major geological time period, the Early Noachian Epoch, than was previously mapped. This timeframe is the earliest part of the Noachian Period, which occurred from about 4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago. In addition, the mapping shows major changes in Mars' climate may have supported the temporary presence of surface water and near-surface groundwater and ice.

"Findings from the map will enable researchers to evaluate potential landing sites for future Mars missions that may contribute to further understanding of the planet's history," said Suzette Kimball, USGS Acting Director. "The new Mars global geologic map will provide geologic context for regional and local scientific investigations for many years to come."

You can see the new global map for yourself in 3D in the video below, courtesy of YouTube and the USGS.