Rheumatologic Diseases Like to Mimic Symptoms of Certain Neurological Disorders

Don't be fooled. Lupus and other rheumatologic diseases may initially look like neurological disorders, presenting symptoms similar to headaches and seizures, in more severe cases. Researchers at Loyola University Medical Center note that treatments for rheumatologic disorders can even cause adverse neurological effects, which may be particularly confusing when diagnosing and treating these health issues. 

Findings published in the journal Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports examine how autoimmune and inflammatory disorders that affect the joints and soft tissues, including lupus, systemic vasculitis and ankylosing spondylosis, present symptoms similar to many neurological disorders.

Lupus can cause heart problems that increase the risk of stroke. More than half of lupus patients are also likely to suffer from headaches, while a third will even deal with migraines. Researchers estimate that about 1.5 percent of lupus patients will experience the "lupus headache"--defined as a persistent and severe headache that may not even be responsive to narcotic medications.

Twenty percent of Lupus patients will also deal with seizures, which are commonly seen in certain types of neurological disorders, including seizure disorder. In more rare cases, patients can also have lupus psychosis, which includes paranoia and hearing voices. However, this problem may be confused with schizophrenia, despite strong differences between the two health issues.

Systemic vasculitis can also mimic symptoms of neurological disorders, including headache, seizure and certain stroke-like symptoms or neuropathies. Ankylosing spondylosis patients may also experience headaches, cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction, similar to cranial neuropathy.

"Rheumatic disorders presenting as neurological syndromes may pose diagnostic challenges," concluded lead study author Dr. Sean Ruland of the university, in a news release. "Therefore, familiarity with neurological manifestations of rheumatologic diseases, diagnosis and potential nervous system consequences of treatment is paramount."